Computer Fundamentals, Internet & Security – 25 MCQs

Sindh City Portal • Shared Test Preparation

Computer Fundamentals, Windows, Internet & Security

Part 1: Foundations & Security — 25 MCQs

This is Part 1 of Sindh City Portal’s four-part, 100-question Computer and Microsoft Office preparation series for candidates preparing for Sindh High Court recruitment tests and similar Pakistani competitive examinations.

1. Official syllabus status

The supplied official Sindh High Court/NTS syllabus names MS Office under Basic Computer for Junior Translator, Basic & MS-Office for Junior Office Associate, and MS Office & Basic for Library Associate. Telephone Operator includes Basic Computer Knowledge with MS Word, Excel and PowerPoint. It does not prescribe the detailed subtopics or questions used here.

Preparation guidance: This lesson and quiz are independently designed to cover durable computer-literacy concepts. They are not an official or predicted NTS paper.

2. High-value lesson

Hardware, software and processing

Hardware means the physical components of a computer. A keyboard and mouse are input devices; a monitor and printer are output devices; storage devices retain files. Software consists of instructions. System software, especially the operating system, manages hardware and provides services to applications. The CPU executes instructions. RAM holds data currently being used and normally loses its contents when power is removed; ROM is non-volatile and commonly stores firmware. Cache is small, fast memory close to the processor that reduces delays when frequently needed data is accessed.

Digital capacity is measured in bits and bytes. Eight bits make one byte. In many examination contexts, binary units are simplified as 1 KB = 1,024 bytes, 1 MB = 1,024 KB and 1 GB = 1,024 MB. Storage capacity should not be confused with processing speed.

Files, Windows and practical use

An operating system manages memory, processes, devices, files and user interaction. A folder organizes files, while a file extension often indicates format: .pdf for Portable Document Format, .txt for plain text and .jpg for a common image format. On Windows, Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+X cuts, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+Z undoes and Alt+Tab switches between open applications. Deleting a shortcut does not normally delete the original program or file.

Networks, internet and information systems

A LAN connects devices across a limited area such as an office; a WAN covers a larger geographic area. The internet is the global network infrastructure, while the World Wide Web is a service of linked resources accessed through browsers. A browser opens web content; a search engine helps locate it. A URL identifies a resource and may contain a scheme, domain and path. Email uses addresses such as name@example.com. A database stores structured data, and a database management system helps users create, query and maintain it.

Security, backup and cloud use

Malware is malicious software; ransomware commonly encrypts files or blocks access to demand payment. Phishing attempts to trick users into revealing information or opening malicious links. Check the sender, domain and destination of links, and verify unusual requests through a trusted channel. Strong passwords should be long and unique; multi-factor authentication adds another verification factor. A backup is a separate recoverable copy, not merely another shortcut to the same file. Cloud computing provides computing resources or storage over a network, but synchronization is not automatically a complete backup because unwanted deletions can also synchronize.

3. What to remember for the test

• Input enters data; output presents results; storage retains data.
• RAM is working memory; ROM is non-volatile; cache is small and fast.
• The operating system manages resources, files, devices and applications.
• The internet and the web are related but not identical.
• Verify suspicious messages, use unique passwords and maintain separate backups.

Independent Practice Assessment — 25 MCQs

Attempt all 25 questions, then select Submit Test. Answers and explanations remain hidden until submission.

This original educational practice is prepared independently by Sindh City Portal. It is not an official, leaked, repeated or guaranteed NTS/Sindh High Court paper.

1. Which component executes program instructions?

A. Monitor B. Central processing unit C. Keyboard D. Printer

2. Which memory normally loses its contents when power is switched off?

A. ROM B. SSD C. RAM D. Optical disc

3. What is the main purpose of cache memory?

A. Speed access to frequently needed data B. Archive files for years C. Display graphics D. Connect to the internet

4. Eight bits are equal to one:

A. Kilobyte B. Byte C. Megabyte D. Word document

5. Which device is primarily an input device?

A. Projector B. Speaker C. Printer D. Keyboard

6. Which statement best describes an operating system?

A. It only creates presentations B. It is a search engine C. It manages hardware and provides services to applications D. It is a file extension

7. In Windows, which shortcut switches among open applications?

A. Ctrl+S B. Alt+Tab C. Ctrl+P D. F1

8. What usually happens when you delete a desktop shortcut to an application?

A. The shortcut is removed, not necessarily the application B. The application is always uninstalled C. All user files are erased D. Windows is reinstalled

9. Which extension commonly represents a plain-text file?

A. .pptx B. .xlsx C. .jpg D. .txt

10. A network connecting computers within one office is most accurately called a:

A. WAN B. Search engine C. LAN D. Database

11. Which statement correctly distinguishes the web from the internet?

A. They are always identical terms B. The web is a service that uses the internet C. The internet runs only inside browsers D. The web is a hardware device

12. Which application is used to open and navigate web pages?

A. Web browser B. Spreadsheet C. Compiler only D. Printer driver

13. In a URL, which part commonly identifies the website, such as example.com?

A. Password B. Attachment C. Domain name D. Worksheet

14. Which is the safest response to an unexpected email asking you to confirm your password through a link?

A. Enter the password quickly B. Forward it to everyone C. Reply with your password D. Verify through the official site or trusted contact without using the link

15. What does ransomware commonly do?

A. Improves file compression B. Encrypts files or blocks access to demand payment C. Creates stronger passwords D. Updates printer drivers

16. Which password practice is strongest?

A. Use a long unique password for each important account B. Reuse one short password everywhere C. Use your name and birth year D. Share passwords with colleagues

17. What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication?

A. Compress data B. Make a monitor brighter C. Require more than one type of verification D. Replace backups

18. Which option is a genuine backup?

A. A shortcut to the same file B. Renaming the original file C. Leaving the file open D. A separate recoverable copy stored independently

19. Which statement about cloud synchronization is most accurate?

A. It always replaces every backup B. It can copy changes, including unwanted deletions, across devices C. It works without any network D. It prevents all malware

20. What is a database primarily designed to store?

A. Structured data that can be searched and managed B. Only video games C. Electric power D. Printed pages only

21. A file is 2 MB using the common binary examination convention. How many KB is that?

A. 200 B. 1,024 C. 2,048 D. 20,480

22. Which action best protects important work from a storage-device failure?

A. Change the filename B. Increase screen brightness C. Create more shortcuts D. Keep a tested backup on separate storage

23. Which is an example of system software?

A. Operating system B. A personal letter C. A printed chart D. A photo

24. Which action most directly moves selected text or a file to the clipboard for relocation?

A. Copy B. Cut C. Save D. Print

25. A user receives a message from a familiar name, but the sender domain is misspelled. What is the best conclusion?

A. The name proves it is safe B. All misspellings are harmless C. Open the attachment to test it D. The domain mismatch is a warning that requires verification

Sources and verification

• Official Sindh High Court/NTS paper pattern and syllabus — used only for the stated computer/MS Office scope.
• Microsoft: Windows keyboard shortcuts
• Microsoft: Protect yourself from phishing
• NIST: Glossary of key information-security terms

Separation: Official syllabus facts come only from the linked syllabus. The lesson structure, topic selection, wording and all 25 MCQs are original independent preparation material.

Independent preparation disclaimer

Sindh City Portal is not affiliated with, endorsed by or operated by the Sindh High Court or National Testing Service. Candidates must rely on official sources and roll-number-slip instructions for final recruitment, schedule and examination information.

Continue your preparation

Return to the Sindh High Court Preparation Hub

This is Part 1.

Sindh City Portal • Shared Test Preparation

Computer Fundamentals, Windows, Internet & Security

Part 1: Foundations & Security — 25 MCQs

This is Part 1 of Sindh City Portal’s four-part, 100-question Computer and Microsoft Office preparation series for candidates preparing for Sindh High Court recruitment tests and similar Pakistani competitive examinations.

1. Official syllabus status

The supplied official Sindh High Court/NTS syllabus names MS Office under Basic Computer for Junior Translator, Basic & MS-Office for Junior Office Associate, and MS Office & Basic for Library Associate. Telephone Operator includes Basic Computer Knowledge with MS Word, Excel and PowerPoint. It does not prescribe the detailed subtopics or questions used here.

Preparation guidance: This lesson and quiz are independently designed to cover durable computer-literacy concepts. They are not an official or predicted NTS paper.

2. High-value lesson

Hardware, software and processing

Hardware means the physical components of a computer. A keyboard and mouse are input devices; a monitor and printer are output devices; storage devices retain files. Software consists of instructions. System software, especially the operating system, manages hardware and provides services to applications. The CPU executes instructions. RAM holds data currently being used and normally loses its contents when power is removed; ROM is non-volatile and commonly stores firmware. Cache is small, fast memory close to the processor that reduces delays when frequently needed data is accessed.

Digital capacity is measured in bits and bytes. Eight bits make one byte. In many examination contexts, binary units are simplified as 1 KB = 1,024 bytes, 1 MB = 1,024 KB and 1 GB = 1,024 MB. Storage capacity should not be confused with processing speed.

Files, Windows and practical use

An operating system manages memory, processes, devices, files and user interaction. A folder organizes files, while a file extension often indicates format: .pdf for Portable Document Format, .txt for plain text and .jpg for a common image format. On Windows, Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+X cuts, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+Z undoes and Alt+Tab switches between open applications. Deleting a shortcut does not normally delete the original program or file.

Networks, internet and information systems

A LAN connects devices across a limited area such as an office; a WAN covers a larger geographic area. The internet is the global network infrastructure, while the World Wide Web is a service of linked resources accessed through browsers. A browser opens web content; a search engine helps locate it. A URL identifies a resource and may contain a scheme, domain and path. Email uses addresses such as name@example.com. A database stores structured data, and a database management system helps users create, query and maintain it.

Security, backup and cloud use

Malware is malicious software; ransomware commonly encrypts files or blocks access to demand payment. Phishing attempts to trick users into revealing information or opening malicious links. Check the sender, domain and destination of links, and verify unusual requests through a trusted channel. Strong passwords should be long and unique; multi-factor authentication adds another verification factor. A backup is a separate recoverable copy, not merely another shortcut to the same file. Cloud computing provides computing resources or storage over a network, but synchronization is not automatically a complete backup because unwanted deletions can also synchronize.

3. What to remember for the test

• Input enters data; output presents results; storage retains data.
• RAM is working memory; ROM is non-volatile; cache is small and fast.
• The operating system manages resources, files, devices and applications.
• The internet and the web are related but not identical.
• Verify suspicious messages, use unique passwords and maintain separate backups.

Independent Practice Assessment — 25 MCQs

Attempt all 25 questions, then select Submit Test. Answers and explanations remain hidden until submission.

This original educational practice is prepared independently by Sindh City Portal. It is not an official, leaked, repeated or guaranteed NTS/Sindh High Court paper.

1. Which component executes program instructions?

A. Monitor B. Central processing unit C. Keyboard D. Printer

2. Which memory normally loses its contents when power is switched off?

A. ROM B. SSD C. RAM D. Optical disc

3. What is the main purpose of cache memory?

A. Speed access to frequently needed data B. Archive files for years C. Display graphics D. Connect to the internet

4. Eight bits are equal to one:

A. Kilobyte B. Byte C. Megabyte D. Word document

5. Which device is primarily an input device?

A. Projector B. Speaker C. Printer D. Keyboard

6. Which statement best describes an operating system?

A. It only creates presentations B. It is a search engine C. It manages hardware and provides services to applications D. It is a file extension

7. In Windows, which shortcut switches among open applications?

A. Ctrl+S B. Alt+Tab C. Ctrl+P D. F1

8. What usually happens when you delete a desktop shortcut to an application?

A. The shortcut is removed, not necessarily the application B. The application is always uninstalled C. All user files are erased D. Windows is reinstalled

9. Which extension commonly represents a plain-text file?

A. .pptx B. .xlsx C. .jpg D. .txt

10. A network connecting computers within one office is most accurately called a:

A. WAN B. Search engine C. LAN D. Database

11. Which statement correctly distinguishes the web from the internet?

A. They are always identical terms B. The web is a service that uses the internet C. The internet runs only inside browsers D. The web is a hardware device

12. Which application is used to open and navigate web pages?

A. Web browser B. Spreadsheet C. Compiler only D. Printer driver

13. In a URL, which part commonly identifies the website, such as example.com?

A. Password B. Attachment C. Domain name D. Worksheet

14. Which is the safest response to an unexpected email asking you to confirm your password through a link?

A. Enter the password quickly B. Forward it to everyone C. Reply with your password D. Verify through the official site or trusted contact without using the link

15. What does ransomware commonly do?

A. Improves file compression B. Encrypts files or blocks access to demand payment C. Creates stronger passwords D. Updates printer drivers

16. Which password practice is strongest?

A. Use a long unique password for each important account B. Reuse one short password everywhere C. Use your name and birth year D. Share passwords with colleagues

17. What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication?

A. Compress data B. Make a monitor brighter C. Require more than one type of verification D. Replace backups

18. Which option is a genuine backup?

A. A shortcut to the same file B. Renaming the original file C. Leaving the file open D. A separate recoverable copy stored independently

19. Which statement about cloud synchronization is most accurate?

A. It always replaces every backup B. It can copy changes, including unwanted deletions, across devices C. It works without any network D. It prevents all malware

20. What is a database primarily designed to store?

A. Structured data that can be searched and managed B. Only video games C. Electric power D. Printed pages only

21. A file is 2 MB using the common binary examination convention. How many KB is that?

A. 200 B. 1,024 C. 2,048 D. 20,480

22. Which action best protects important work from a storage-device failure?

A. Change the filename B. Increase screen brightness C. Create more shortcuts D. Keep a tested backup on separate storage

23. Which is an example of system software?

A. Operating system B. A personal letter C. A printed chart D. A photo

24. Which action most directly moves selected text or a file to the clipboard for relocation?

A. Copy B. Cut C. Save D. Print

25. A user receives a message from a familiar name, but the sender domain is misspelled. What is the best conclusion?

A. The name proves it is safe B. All misspellings are harmless C. Open the attachment to test it D. The domain mismatch is a warning that requires verification

Sources and verification

• Official Sindh High Court/NTS paper pattern and syllabus — used only for the stated computer/MS Office scope.
• Microsoft: Windows keyboard shortcuts
• Microsoft: Protect yourself from phishing
• NIST: Glossary of key information-security terms

Separation: Official syllabus facts come only from the linked syllabus. The lesson structure, topic selection, wording and all 25 MCQs are original independent preparation material.

Independent preparation disclaimer

Sindh City Portal is not affiliated with, endorsed by or operated by the Sindh High Court or National Testing Service. Candidates must rely on official sources and roll-number-slip instructions for final recruitment, schedule and examination information.

Continue your preparation

Return to the Sindh High Court Preparation Hub

Next: Microsoft Word Part 2